TISSUES AND BONES BASIC

TISSUES WORKSHEET

A

1. Epithelium Forms membranes 
2. Muscle Allows movement of limbs and for organ movements within the body 
3. Connective Function is to support cells 
4. Nervous Function is to communicate 
5. Epithelium Function is to protect and line 
6. Nervous Uses electrochemical signals to carry out its functions 
7. Connective Supports and reinforces the body organs 
8. Epithelium Cells of this tissue may absorb and/or secrete substances 
9. Nervous Basis of the major controlling system of the body 
10. Muscle Its cells shorten to exert force 
11. Epithelium Forms endocrine and exocrine glands 
12. Connective Surrounds and cushions body organs 
13. Muscle Function is to contract and move body 
14. Connective Characterized by having large amounts of extracellular material 
15. Muscle Allows you to smile, grasp, swim, ski, and throw a ball 
16. Connective Widely distributed; found in bones, cartilages, and fat deposits 
17. Nervous Forms the brain and spinal cord 

B

1. A tissue is a collection of cells
2. The four major tissues types are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
3. The inside of blood vessels is lined with squamous epithelium.
4. The urinary system is lined with columnar epithelium.
5. Where is simple columnar epithelium found? Lining the small intestine.
6. Stratified epithelia consists of several layers of cells.
7. Transitional epithelium allows the bladder to stretch.
8. Stratified squamous epithelium does NOT OCCUR lining the stomach.
9. The surface cells of stratified squamous epithelium are continually being shed from the surface.
10. Which of the following are NOT connective tissues? Blood and Saliva
11. Which of the following muscle tissues has branched fibers, intercalated discs between adjacent cells and contracts automatically? Cardiac Muscle
12. Which of the following muscle tissues has long fibers and nuclei on the surface? Striated voluntary muscle
13.  Which muscle tissue moves bones? Striated voluntary muscle
14. Which muscle tissue is found in blood vessel walls, in the gut wall and in glands? Smooth involuntary muscle

 C

• Consists of many cells with little intercellular substance  (matrix). epithelial tissue.
• Penetrated by blood vessels (vascular). epithelial tissue.
• Does not cover body sufaces or line passageways and cavities, but is more internally located; binds, supports and protects. connective tissue

 D

• Fibrous Connective Tissue is found where strength and rigidity are needed, as in discs between vertebrae and the symphysis pubis.
• Hyaline Connective Tissue is white glossy cartilage covering ends of bones (articular), covering ends of ribs (costal), and giving strength to nose, larynx, and trachea.
• Elastic Connective Tissue provides strength and flexibility as in the external part of the ear.

 E

• Cardiac Tissue forms the walls of the heart.
• Skeletal Tissue are attached to bones.
• Smooth Tissue are spindle-shaped cells with ends tapering to points.
• Cardiac Tissue contains intercalated discs and gap junctions.
• Smooth Tissue are found in walls of intestine, urinary bladder, and blood.
• Skeletal Tissue cells are multinucleate.

TISSUES LAB

• Epithelial.  It looks to have pseudostratified tissue and the cells are columnar. Two characteristics are cilia and have a basement membrane. 
• Epithelial. It looks to be stratified and the cells are squamous.
• Muscular.  It looks long and thin. 
• Connective. It looks to have no particular arrangement or pattern and have extracellular material. 
• Nervous.  It looks to have characteristics of dendrites and glial cells surrounding the neuron. 

BONE BASICS LAB

A. Microscopic Bone Anatomy.

1.  Write the function (not a description of their function) for these bone tissue structures.

• The function of canaliculi connects havesian canals within the bone.
• The function of Central Canal carries blood vessels that transport nutrients to osteocytes. 
• The function of Lammelae is to help strengthen the bone.
• The function of Lacunae is for nutrient transport and contains osteocytes. 

2. Define these terms.

• Osteoclast is a cell that reabsorbs bone.
• Osteoblast is a cell that forms bone.
• Osteocytel is a mature bone cell.

Nasal Bones

Temporalmandibular Joint 

Mastoid process

Medial malleolus

C

Your Personal Bones

• When I was 10 I had a soccer ball kicked at my nose and it broke both the two nasal bones located between the maxillary bones' frontal processes.  The nasal bones are small, oblong, differ in size and shape.  Each nasal has four bones with which it articulates: two cranium and two facial bones.  Each nasal bone has four borders: the superior, inferior, lateral, and medial. Each nasal bone has two surfaces: the outer and the inner. The outer surface of the nasal bone, which is covered by the compressor naris and the procerus, is convex from one side to the other and concavoconvex from the top to bottom.
• Medial malleolus is a bone that I do not know much about in particular.  The medial malleolus is the spherical bony protrusion on the inner side of the leg, just above the ankle joint. A similar protrusion on the outer side, called the lateral malleolus, is attached to the fibula bone of the lower leg. The former bulge is the terminal end of the tibia, or shin bone; both serve as anchor point for the ligaments and tendons that secure the foot to the leg. 

VIRTUAL MICROSCOPE LAB
Part 1. Fill in these blanks and answer questions from information in the Introductory Video. Retype question and answer into your blog.
    •    When you begin, the condenser knob should be all the way up.
    •    Start with the 4x objective in place.
    •    Raise the rheostat to 10.
    •    Move slide using the X Y controls.
    •    Why do you close the iris before looking into the microscope?  You close the iris before looking into the microscope so that when you look through the oculars, you don't blind yourself.
    •    Eyes should be about how far from oculars?  Your eyes should be approximately 3/4 inch away from the oculars.
    •    Increase light by opening the iris.
    •    Highest magnifying objective is called oil immersion.
    •    Describe the oil immersion procedure.  To place a drop of oil on the slide, you are going to move the objective so specimen between 140x objective, then place one drop of oil right over the specimen, you may want to adjust light. 
    •    Clean slides with lower stage and remove slide then wipe with a kimwipe.  Clean objectives facing out with a piece of lens paper.
    •    What is the procedure for shutting down the microscope?   In order to shut down the microscope, there are procedures that are important.  First make sure 4x objective is in place,  close iris, turn rheostat down to 1, then turn off microscope. 
    •   
Part 2:

1. What objective must be in place when you remove slide or place a new slide on the stage of the scope?  A 4X objective should be in place when you remove slide or place a new slide on the stage of the scope.
2. What objective must always be used when you first start looking at a slide?  You should use the 4X objective when you first start looking at your slide.
3. You must adjust the amount of light when looking at a thin and or transparent cells or tissue section such as onion or amoeba cells.
4. Describe two ways you can decrease light intensity, the amount of light passing though the scope.  You can decrease the light intensity by adjusting the iris and also by setting the rheostat to 1.
5. Which objective allows you to see the larges area of the object that you are viewing?  The 4X objective allows you to view the largest area of the slide.
6. How much are you magnifying something when you are using 10x oculars and 10x objectives?  When you are using 10x oculars and 10x objectives, you are magnifying something by 100x.
7. How much are you magnifying something when you are using 10x oculars and 4x objectives?  When you are using 10x oculars and 4x objectives, you are magnifying something by 40x.
8. Which focusing knobs/adjustments do you first use when you begin to looking at a slide?  The knob you first use when you begin to look at a slide is the course focus knob.
9. What do you adjust if you can see two overlapping circles with part of the object in each circle?  To adjust two overlapping circles, you need to adjust the oculars.

Part 3:
1)      View bacterial capsule, cheek smear, letter e, and onion root.  CHECK
2)      Take a photo of two slides as they appear while looking through the virtual microscope while on “You are looking through the microscope” view (one photo of two slides). Add the photo to your blog post.
Letter E:

Bacterial Capsule:
















3)      Describe the appearance of each of the object(s) as they appear while looking through the virtual microscope.
Letter E on objective 4x looks like a regular, upside down, letter "e", but when using objective 10x, the letter starts to look as if it has some sort of cell membrane, but it's just pixilated.
Bacterial Capsule: You can tell the capsule has a nucleus and a shell.  Also it's noticeable the bacteria has neutrons.
4)      Name one visible structure on each of the organism slides.
Letter E:  This "organism" is a solid object.
Bacterial Capsule: This organism has a nucleus.
Onion Root: This organism has many neutrons.
Cheek Smear: This organism does not have a shell.